What makes a dish "au gratin?"

Answer It is covered in bread crumbs or cheese and browned in the oven

Smothering a casserole of any kind with a thick layer of buttered breadcrumbs or shredded cheese —  be it scalloped potatoes, a vegetable tian, or even humble macaroni and cheese — and popping it into a hot oven to get toasty crisp and bubbling brown is called a gratin. Scalloped potatoes are just that until you add the gratin; then the dish is called scalloped potatoes au gratin.

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