What is brought before the court when a writ of "habeas corpus" is filed?

Latin for "that you have the body," habeas corpus (hay-bee-us kor-pus) is used to challenge the state's right to detain or imprison someone. The doctrine dates back to the Magna Carta (1215), which stipulates that "No man shall be arrested or imprisoned...except by the lawful judgment of his peers and by the law of the land."

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