What are the two primary purposes of marinating meat before cooking it?

Answer Flavoring and tenderizing

There's science behind marinating meat. Through osmosis, the marinade is drawn into the meat, imparting a wealth of flavor. Oil helps the marinade thicken and stick to the meat. With the addition of an acid, such as lemon or lime juice, apple cider vinegar, or even pineapple juice, the meat fibers begin to break down, allowing the meat to become tender and juicy. Flavorings such as herbs, maple, or citrus will have your guests licking their fingers.

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