This Herbert Hoover-appointee once lost out to Woodrow Wilson in a presidential campaign. He was seen as a key swing vote in the Supreme Court between the conservative "Four Horsemen" and the liberal "Three Musketeers".

Also a former secretary of state, Chief Justice Charles Evans Hughes Sr. served 11 years, 126 days. During his tenure, he struck down New Deal programs and upheld the state minimum wage law, known as the Wagner Act. He was against increasing the size of the Supreme Court, voting down the 1937 Judicial Procedures Reform Bill.

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