The last of George Washington's nominations, what chief justice was the primary author of the Judiciary Act of 1789 – the backbone of the U.S. federal judiciary?

Oliver Ellsworth served 4 years, 282 days, as chief justice, helping author the Judiciary Act, which established that state supreme court decisions could be overturned by the federal Supreme Court. While chief justice, he also did double-duty as an envoy to France.

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