In market parlance, what is the term for the collateral that a holder of equities might have to deposit with their broker to cover the credit risk the holder poses?

Answer Margin

A "margin call" is not a pleasant situation for an investor. As defined on Investopedia.com, a margin call "occurs when the value of an investor's margin account falls below the broker's required amount." It refers "specifically to a broker's demand that an investor deposit additional money or securities into the account so that it is brought up to the minimum value, known as the maintenance margin."

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