A Scottish-born resident of Pittsburgh, which captain of industry from America's Gilded Age authored a famous essay about the philanthropic duties of the very wealthy?

One of the richest men in American history, Carnegie drove the expansion of the steel industry in the late 19th century and made a fortune in the process. In 1901, he sold his company, U.S. Steel, to J. P. Morgan for $480 million (over $3 billion in today's currency) and devoted the remaining 18 years of his life to philanthropy. At the time of his death, he had spent approximately $350 million ($5.2 billion today) founding and/or supporting numerous charities, public institutions and universities.

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